Which legal framework primarily governs targeting decisions in military operations?

The law of armed conflict and international humanitarian law serves as the primary legal framework governing targeting decisions in military operations. This body of law encompasses principles that regulate the conduct of armed conflict and protect persons who are not participating in hostilities, such as civilians and humanitarian workers, as well as those who are hors de combat (out of the fight) due to injury or surrender.

Key principles include distinction, proportionality, and necessity. The principle of distinction requires warring parties to differentiate between combatants and non-combatants, ensuring that military operations are directed only at legitimate military targets. The principle of proportionality prohibits attacks that would cause excessive civilian harm relative to the anticipated military advantage gained. Lastly, the principle of necessity dictates that force should only be used to achieve a legitimate military objective.

While the United Nations Charter provides a framework for the lawful use of force, it does not delve into the specific operational details of targeting within armed conflicts, which is where the law of armed conflict and international humanitarian law becomes pivotal. Similarly, while the Geneva Conventions delineate protections for individuals during conflicts, they are part of the broader framework of international humanitarian law, which governs targeting practices comprehensively. National constitutions can influence a nation's approach to military operations but do